Crusher is a machine designed to turn large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, sand or rock dust.

Crushers can be used to reduce the size or shape of waste materials so that they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid raw material mix (as in rock ore). different compositions can be distinguished. Crushing is the process of transferring a force strengthened with mechanical advantage through a material consisting of molecules that are bound together stronger than in the material being broken and resists more deformation. The crushing devices hold the material between two parallel or tangent solid surfaces and apply enough force to bring the surfaces together and generate enough energy to change the alignment in relation to the separation (breaking) or (deformation) of its molecules within the fractured material, each. The earliest crushers were hand-held stones used against stone anvil, where the weight of the stone increased muscle strength. Querns and mortars are types of these crushing devices.

Crushers in industry are machines that use a metal surface to split or compact materials into small fractional pieces or denser masses. Throughout most of industrial history, the crushing and mining part of the process took place under muscular power, as miners exerted force concentrated on the drill bit driven by a pickax or hammer. Before explosives were widely used in mass mining in the mid-nineteenth century, most of the first ore crushing and sizing was done in the mine by hand and hammer or water-powered breakers in small coal-fired forges, and Renaissance ironworks. the early-middle industrial revolution. It was only after explosives and then powerful steam shovels produced massive amounts of material, parts first hammered down at the mine before being loaded into sacks for travel to the surface, which would eventually lead to rails and mine railways. The transportation of bulk aggregates, faced with post-mining crushing, has become largely necessary. The oldest of these were in foundries, but as coal took over, larger operations became coal breakers that accelerated industrial growth from the first decade of the 1600s to the replacement of breakers in the 1970s with today's fuel needs. The gradual advent of that era and the displacement of small industry-based economies was accelerated first by the use of wrought and cast iron as a desired material to accelerate larger operations, followed by the increasing shortage of wood in the late sixteenth century. For the production of charcoal - with the chimney - the newly released window glass [2] material, which has become "all the rage" between the growing middle class and the wealth of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and charcoal as always is used to melt metals, especially larger amounts of brass To produce bronze [3] there was a need for pig iron, cast iron and wrought iron demanded by the new consumer classes. Other metallurgical advances, such as silver and gold mining, reflected the applications and developments of bulk material processing methods and technologies, both of which were rare in personal items until the 1700s, fueling the growing appetite for more and more iron and glass.